PORTAL RASMI
JABATAN PERDANA MENTERI
AGENSI PENGURUSAN BENCANA NEGARA
JABATAN PERDANA MENTERI
AGENSI PENGURUSAN BENCANA NEGARA
MANILA: Institut Vulkanologi dan Seismologi Filipina (Phivolcs) melaporkan terdapat peningkatan aktiviti seismik di Gunung Berapi Kanlaon, pada Isnin.
Menurut Agensi Berita Filipina (PNA), sebanyak 72 gempa bumi gunung berapi direkodkan antara tengah malam hingga tengah hari Isnin, dengan magnitud antara 0.3 hingga 3.1 pada kedalaman antara sifar hingga lapan kilometer di bawah cerun utara dan barat laut gunung itu.
Phivolcs memaklumkan bahawa sejumlah 135 gempa bumi gunung berapi telah direkodkan sejak tengah malam 11 Mei, termasuk beberapa gempa bumi gunung berapi-tektonik (VT) yang agak kuat.
Gempa bumi VT berpunca daripada proses pemecahan batuan dan peningkatan aktiviti ini menunjukkan kemungkinan magma atau gas magmatik sedang membuka laluan ke permukaan.
Sementara itu, pelepasan gas sulfur dioksida (SO2) dari kawah puncak direkodkan sebanyak 554 tan pada 11 Mei.
Phivolcs menyatakan purata pelepasan harian SO2 menurun daripada 4,144 tan sejak 3 Jun 2024 kepada 2,114 tan sejak 1 April 2025.
"Parameter menunjukkan bahawa penyumbatan pelepasan gas gunung berapi (atau penyahgasan sistem tertutup) mungkin menyebabkan tekanan dan pengembangan struktur yang berpotensi membawa kepada letusan sederhana dengan letupan pada Kanlaon," kata Phivolcs dalam satu nasihat yang dikeluarkan pada petang Isnin.
Sebelum ini, Phivolcs memaklumkan secara umum adalah selamat untuk orang ramai mengundi, namun komuniti berhampiran Gunung Kanlaon yang kini berada pada Tahap Amaran 3 (keresahan magmatik) dinasihatkan berada di luar zon bahaya sejauh enam kilometer.
Pada Tahap Amaran 3, terdapat kemungkinan letusan sederhana dengan letupan yang boleh membahayakan nyawa.
Phivolcs berkata pihak berkuasa tempatan dinasihatkan supaya terus bersiap siaga untuk pemindahan orang ramai jika kerecauan gunung meningkat dan risiko letusan besar bersama letupan yang berbahaya menjadi hampir pasti.
"Peningkatan kewaspadaan terhadap potensi muntahan lahar sewaktu letusan dan aliran sungai yang sarat dengan sedimen ketika hujan lebat juga amat digalakkan," katanya.
Pihak berkuasa penerbangan turut disaran memberi amaran kepada juruterbang agar mengelak daripada terbang berhampiran puncak gunung kerana abu daripada letusan mendadak boleh membahayakan pesawat.
-- BERNAMA
Kuala Lumpur: Angkatan Pertahanan Awam Malaysia (APM) bersiap siaga melalui pemantauan secara rondaan di lokasi titik panas yang berisiko mengalami bencana di seluruh negara sepanjang tempoh Monsun Barat Daya bermula Sabtu lalu hingga September ini.
Jurucakap APM berkata, pihaknya juga menubuhkan pasukan pemantauan dikenali Op Ramah bagi memantau beberapa kawasan dikenalpasti atau lokasi titik panas yang berisiko berdepan bencana sejak 2023.
"Antara kawasan yang boleh mendatangkan risiko kecemasan atau bencana seperti kawasan tanah gambut, kawasan tapak pelupusan sampah, kebakaran lalang serta sebagainya.
"Justeru, APM sentiasa siaga dalam menghadapi situasi seperti itu dengan penugasan di talian kecemasan 999 selain rondaan Op Ramah secara harian untuk pemantauan aktiviti masyarakat yang boleh mengundang kepada kemalangan atau bencana," katanya, hari ini.
Menurutnya kenyataan itu lagi, APM sentiasa bekerjasama dengan jabatan dan agensi lain seperti Jabatan Alam Sekitar, pihak berkuasa tempatan (PBT), Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran (JPS) dalam penugasan operasi itu.
"Bagi memastikan penugasan ini (lancar), APM juga mengadakan kerjasama dengan beberapa agensi melalui Nota Persefahaman (NOU)," katanya.
Orang ramai juga dinasihatkan supaya lebih peka dan berhati-hati sepanjang tempoh berkenaan yang sering dikaitkan dengan cuaca panas dan kering.
"APM melalui rondaan dilakukan sentiasa memberi nasihat kepada masyarakat berkaitan cuaca panas selain mengedarkan risalah berkaitan menghadapi cuaca panas termasuk ancaman binatang berbisa," katanya.
Terdahulu, media melaporkan Monsun Barat Daya dijangka bermula pada 10 Mei dan berterusan sehingga September ini susulan tiupan angin yang mula bertiup secara konsisten dari arah barat daya ke rantau negara.
Ketua Pengarah Jabatan Meteorologi Malaysia (METMalaysia) Dr Mohd Hisham Mohd Anip berkata sepanjang musim berkenaan, kadar kelembapan udara lazimnya rendah, sekali gus menyebabkan kurangnya pembentukan awan hujan di kebanyakan tempat.
Bagaimanapun, hujan lebat berserta angin kencang dan ribut petir masih boleh berlaku di kawasan barat Semenanjung, utara Sarawak dan barat Sabah, terutamanya pada awal pagi, berikutan kehadiran fenomena garis badai.
Ketika kemuncak monsun berkenaan iaitu antara Julai hingga September, fenomena jerebu setempat dan rentas sempadan boleh berlaku sekiranya aktiviti pembakaran terbuka tidak dikawal.
Sebarang pembakaran terbuka perlu dielakkan bagi mengurangkan risiko pencemaran jerebu, selain menggalakkan orang ramai menggunakan air secara berhemah sepanjang musim itu.
Using a carbon market-like tool to control air pollution can help developing countries such as India where the standard approach of limiting the emissions with policy making is falling short, a new study has found.
Air pollution is one of the most pressing health issues in India, where the country’s 1.4 billion people breathe air exceeding the World Health Organisation’s guidelines for particulate matter (PM).
Those are particles finer than human hair that can cause severe health issues such as respiratory infections and even lung cancer. This pollution costs the average Indian resident 3.5 years of life expectancy.
Industry is one of the major sources of air pollution in the country, and policymakers have struggled to deal with it by taking the standard approach of creating and enforcing laws around emission limits.
In fact, national PM 2.5 - particulate matter 30 times finer than human hair - concentrations in India increased by 11.6 per cent over the last two decades.
To find an alternative, economists from the University of Chicago and Yale University in the United States and the University of Warwick in England collaborated with the Gujarat Pollution Control Board in West India to pilot a one-of-its-kind emission trading scheme (ETS) to control air pollution.
The pilot has run since 2019, and results published in the May issue of The Quarterly Journal of Economics show that the ETS reduced emissions by 20 per cent to 30 per cent in coal-burning plants that participated with nearly 100 per cent legal compliance compared with those using a standard policy approach.
The ETS pilot delivered “a rare win-win-win” by reducing pollution, decreasing abatement costs and raising government’s success at enforcing the air pollution control law, said Michael Greenstone, Milton Friedman Distinguished Service Professor in Economics at the University of Chicago, one of the architects of the pilot.
“And it did all this in a setting where there was great scepticism that pollution markets could work,” he said.
However, such market tools should only be used to control air pollution in industries where a change in fuel like coal to gas or a change in technology to better filtration systems, for instance, fails to cut pollution, said independent experts.
The ETS should not become a version of the “polluter pays” principle in which industries emit pollution as usual and simply pay small fines, cautioned Swagata Dey, an expert on air pollution control policies with the Center for Study of Science, Technology and Policy (CSTEP), an Indian think tank.
“Rather, such schemes should be used only for industries wherein process optimisation and change in fuel usage are difficult to achieve in the short term,” she said.
The pilot
Touted as the world’s first market-based scheme to control air pollution in an industrial cluster, the ETS piloted with 317 large coal-burning plants, one of major sources of air pollution in Surat, Gujarat.
About 162 plants were brought into the market, while the remaining plants were kept under the existing standard pollution control regulations and spot-checked by the pollution control board to ensure they met the emission limit.
The plants in the market were brought into a cap-and-trade system in which a limit is set on the total allowed PM emissions and is lowered periodically. Plants receive permits to emit a certain amount of pollution, and a plant that can easily reduce its pollution with a technology or fuel change can then trade these permits with the ones that find it harder to cut pollution.
Plants under the Surat ETS not only cut their overall pollution, but they held enough permits to cover their legal compliance 99 per cent of the time, while the plants outside of the ETS met their pollution limit at most 66 per cent of the time.
And it cost plants under ETS 11 per cent less to cut emissions compared with the plants under the command-and-control regulations, the study said.
Challenges
The Surat ETS is partly based on one of the largest such programs in history, the US sulfur dioxide emissions trading scheme - to deal with acid rain - that slashed pollution by 40 per cent between 1980 and 2003.
Based in part on the US example, successful trading markets have been adopted for a variety of pollutants in Canada and Europe. Yet low-income countries have so far not followed these examples.
That is due to countries lacking monitoring and regulatory capacity, said Pallavi Pant, an air quality scientist and the head of Global Initiatives at the Health Effects Institute, a US-based non-profit.
“The relevant departments or ministries (in developing countries) may often lack financial and technical capacity, or even the personnel to effectively implement solutions,” Pant said.
The Surat ETS pilot offers an interesting model that can help generate better data and tracking mechanisms for particular pollution sources, Pant said.
However, it remains to be seen how easily and quickly such a system can be scaled up, especially considering the capacity gaps at state pollution control boards in India and the lack of data and technology, she said.
This story was published with permission from Thomson Reuters Foundation, the charitable arm of Thomson Reuters, that covers humanitarian news, climate change, resilience, women’s rights, trafficking and property rights. Visit https://www.context.news/.
Monsun barat daya bermula 10 Mei ini
- Admin UKK
- Berita
PETALING JAYA – Jabatan Meteorologi (MetMalaysia) meramalkan monsun barat daya bermula 10 Mei sehingga September ini.
Ketua Pengarah MetMalaysia, Dr. Mohd. Hisham Mohd. Anip berkata, lazimnya angin akan bertiup secara konsisten dari arah barat daya dengan kelembapan udara yang lebih rendah.
“Ini menyebabkan kurangnya pembentukan awan hujan dikebanyakkan tempat.
“Sehubungan itu, kebanyakkan tempat di seluruh negara akan mengalami bilangan hari tanpa hujan lebih banyak berbanding musim lain,” katanya dalam kenyataan hari ini.
Bagaimanapun, katanya, hujan lebat dan ribut petir masih boleh berlaku di kawasan barat semenanjung, utara Sarawak dan barat Sabah pada awal pagi.
“Selain itu, fenomena jerebu boleh berlaku sekiranya pembakaran terbuka tidak terkawal terutama pada Julai hingga September.
“Oleh itu, pembakaran terbuka haruslah dielakkan bagi mengurangkan kesan jerebu dan pencemaran alam sekitar,” ujarnya. – KOSMO! ONLINE
Quake of 3.0-magnitude recorded in Thailand's Nakhon Si Thammarat province on May 7
- Admin UKK
- Berita
BANGKOK: The department’s Earthquake Observation Division reported that seven mild to moderate earthquakes were recorded in Myanmar and southern Thailand between Monday night and Tuesday morning, with magnitudes ranging from 1.8 to 4.4.
The earthquake in Nakhon Si Thammarat, with a magnitude of 3.0 and a depth of 1 kilometre, occurred at 5.31am in Saira Subdistrict, Chawang District.
There have been no reports of damage or injuries from the recent quake, the division said. Authorities are closely monitoring the situation and have advised residents in the area to stay alert and be prepared for any further developments. - The Nation/ANN