PORTAL RASMI
JABATAN PERDANA MENTERI
AGENSI PENGURUSAN BENCANA NEGARA
JABATAN PERDANA MENTERI
AGENSI PENGURUSAN BENCANA NEGARA
Mitigating flash floods in cities
- Admin UKK
- Berita
THE flash flood that swept through Presint 11, Putrajaya on Dec 8 has raised questions about the resilience of urban infrastructure in the face of climate change.
Despite being a meticulously planned city with rainwater retention ponds and a systematic drainage system, Putrajaya could not escape the devastating effects of an hour-long downpour.
According to the Malaysian Meteorological Department, rainfall intensity has increased by 40% over the past five years with heavier and more frequent storms becoming the norm.
Driven by climate change, this alarming trend underscores the vulnerability of urbanised regions to extreme weather events. Global warming has significantly altered rainfall patterns as rising sea temperatures accelerate evaporation rates, producing more intense rainfall over shorter periods.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has highlighted that tropical regions like Malaysia are particularly susceptible to such phenomena.
But heavy rainfall alone does not fully explain the recurring flash floods in urban areas. Uncontrolled urbanisation exacerbates the problem by replacing permeable natural surfaces with impermeable concrete, preventing rainwater from seeping into the ground.
Putrajaya, Malaysia’s administrative capital, was designed with significant green spaces, including 38% of its area dedicated to parks, lakes and wetlands, such as the 600ha man-made Putrajaya Lake, which helps moderate the local climate.
However, recent urbanisation and infrastructure development have strained its drainage system. In the past two decades, according to research by the Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID), this urban sprawl has increased surface runoff by 35%, overwhelming its drainage system and causing flash floods.
The Town and Country Planning Act 1976 (Act 172) grants local authorities the power to regulate development and urges stricter control over land use activities.
The continuous disposal of waste into drains remains a major cause of flash floods too. Often caused by domestic waste generated by residents, clogged drains have severe impacts, especially in residential and commercial areas. Flash floods in cities like Ipoh have been characterised by dirty, oily floodwaters, raising public health concerns.
Moreover, ageing and inefficient drainage systems often fail to handle the increased water volume.
The Solid Waste Management and Public Cleansing Act 2007 (Act 672) emphasises the responsibility of local authorities in waste management. However, community-level compliance remains low, exacerbating the issue.
A holistic approach is essential to address these challenges. Urban planning must prioritise sustainable development, integrating green infrastructure like green roofs made from waterabsorbent materials, and drains and pedestrian pathways made with permeable pavements.
Cities like Singapore offer valuable lessons with initiatives such as the ABC Waters Program successfully incorporating water-absorbing features into urban designs.
Malaysia has made strides with its National Green Technology Policy (2009), but the implementation must expand to cover a wider range of urban areas.
Collaborative efforts among authorities, communities and the private sector is crucial. Strict development controls, regular maintenance of drainage systems, and the adoption of eco-friendly technologies are crucial in mitigating flash floods.
Equally important is public awareness. Educating communities about waste management and the impact of littering on drainage systems is vital for sustainable urban living.
Cities, including Putrajaya, must strive to balance modernisation with environmental stewardship to ensure long-term resilience against climate-related challenges. Flash floods are no longer isolated incidents but warning signs of a changing climate. With concerted efforts and innovative solutions, Malaysia can pave the way for a sustainable and resilient urban future.
KUALA LUMPUR: Over 24,000 rescuers are on standby for a possible second wave of floods amid the northeast monsoon season, says Housing and Local Government Minister Nga Kor Ming.
Among them are 13,556 firefighters, 8,421 volunteer officers and 2,147 auxiliary officers, he said.
“In total, 24,873 personnel have been deployed in preparation for the northeast monsoon,” he told reporters at a briefing on the Fire and Rescue Department’s flood preparation strategies at Hang Tuah Fire Station here yesterday.
He said beginning Dec 1, all firefighters were not allowed to go on leave.
“As of Wednesday morning, the total number of flood victims has been reduced and some relief centres have been closed,” he said.
Nga said the government had approved the procurement of 231 new rescue vehicles with an allocation of Rm40mil under Budget 2025.
“This includes the purchase of 200 units of Operational Light Vehicles for emergency use, Heavy Duty and Light Fire Fighting Vehicles, as well as the replacement of five Canine Rescue Tender units,” he added.
To complement the procurement of the new vehicles, Nga said a total of Rm33.69mil was earmarked for maintenance.
He also said that the department is set to receive 30 new fire engines worth Rm60mil from China.
Nga said the allowance for volunteer firefighting teams would also be increased from RM3,000 to RM5,000.
At the briefing, Fire and Rescue Department director-general Datuk Nor Hisham Mohammad said a total of 985 land and water assets have been mobilised for flood operations nationwide.
The Malaysian Meteorological Department has forecast the onset of a second wave of floods within two weeks, starting from Dec 7.
JOHOR BARU: With the threat of a second wave of floods looming, authorities in Johor are making sure that 1,109 temporary relief centres in the state are well stocked with food and other essential items for evacuees, says state exco member Khairin Nisa Ismail.
She said the state Welfare Department has made full preparations for the monsoon season.
“The department is among the agencies involved in helping out flood victims during the monsoon season.
“Among the roles that the department is playing is providing and coordinating temporary relief centres, registering the victims as well as providing counselling and psychological support to them.
“We also make sure that the victims placed at the temporary relief centres will be able to get freshly cooked food and other essential items to make their stay comfortable,” she said here yesterday.
She added that the state government has appointed more than 200 food suppliers to provide meals for victims at the temporary relief centres in Johor.
Khairin Nisa, who is the women, family and community development committee chairman, said the department would also be providing other essential items to the victims such as ready-to-eat meals, self-cleaning kits, baby and adult diapers, blankets, pillows, towels and sanitary napkins for women.
These items are stored at department store rooms and depots throughout Johor.
She said the disaster storage depot southern zone is located along Jalan Abdul Rahman in Muar while the Johor disaster storage is at Kompleks Penyayang in Kempas here.
“These also include 16 mini stores and nine main stores to keep the supplies at districts as part of our flood preparations,” she said.
Khairin Nisa urged the government to ensure that the supply of food and other essential items for flood victims at the temporary relief centres will not be disrupted.
“We welcome NGOS and the private sector who want to donate essential items for the flood victims. They should not go straight to the flood relief centres to hand over their donations,” she said
“They should instead contact the disaster operations control centre or the Welfare Department first,” she added.
This, she said, is to ensure that coordination in the supply of essential items from volunteer groups and NGOS are done correctly to prevent wastage and that no victims will be left out of assistance.
HARI ini, 12 Disember adalah ulang tahun ke sembilan Perjanjian Iklim Paris 2015 ditandatangani 169 negara anggota Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu (PBB), termasuk Malaysia di bawah Konvensyen Rangka Kerja Perubahan Iklim PBB (UNFCCC).
Perjanjian ini membolehkan semua negara mengambil tindakan memerangi kesan perubahan iklim dan memperkenalkan langkah kawalan sewajarnya bagi memastikan had pemanasan global di bawah 2 darjah Celcius dan sebolehnya pada 1.5 darjah Celsius. Ini kerana suhu bumi diramal meningkat kepada 2.7 darjah Celsius menjelang akhir abad ini.
Setiap negara menandatangani perjanjian ini perlu menyediakan dan melaksanakan sumbangan ditentukan pada peringkat nasional merangkumi rancangan konkrit mengurangkan pelepasan gas rumah kaca dan menyesuaikan diri dengan kesan perubahan iklim.
Negara maju sebelum ini berjanji menyediakan dana kepada negara membangun untuk menyokong tindakan mitigasi dan adaptasi iklim bertujuan membantu negara miskin melaksanakan usaha menangani perubahan iklim tanpa mengorbankan pembangunan ekonomi mereka.
Malangnya, negara maju dilihat lebih sanggup membelanjakan jutaan dolar untuk konflik dan peperangan, tetapi menafikan pembiayaan bagi memenuhi Perjanjian Paris kepada negara membangun.
Persidangan Perubahan Iklim PBB (COP29) pada 22 November lalu gagal mencapai kesepakatan penuh apabila negara membangun tidak bersetuju dengan nilai dana AS$250 bilion setahun dicadangkan negara maju seperti Amerika Syarikat (AS), Kesatuan Eropah (EU) dan sekutu lain.
Atas faktor ini, Menteri Sumber Asli dan Kelestarian Alam, Nik Nazmi Nik Ahmad menyuarakan kekecewaan Malaysia terhadap sikap negara maju ini.
Sekiranya dana dari negara maju disalurkan kepada negara membangun termasuk Malaysia seperti dipersetujui, ia akan membantu kerajaan melaksanakan lebih banyak inisiatif bagi mencapai matlamat iklimnya, termasuk mengurangkan pelepasan gas rumah kaca sebanyak 43 peratus menjelang 2030.
Negara maju dilaporkan sedia menaikkan jumlah itu kepada AS$300 bilion setahun, namun masih dianggap tidak mencukupi oleh negara membangun yang memerlukan dana lebih besar untuk menangani cabaran perubahan iklim.
Bermakna, Malaysia perlu terus lantang menyuarakan pandangan betapa negara maju perlu komited dan menunaikan janji menyalurkan dana sewajarnya kepada negara membangun bagi menjayakan Perjanjian Paris 2015 bersama-sama.
Hakikatnya, pada peringkat domestik, Malaysia sangat komited memenuhi peranannya di bawah Perjanjian Paris untuk fokus kepada mengurangkan kesan kepada perubahan iklim dengan merangka dasar pembangunan lestari seperti dasar tenaga boleh diperbaharui dan pemuliharaan hutan.
Beberapa pelan hala tuju diwujudkan kerajaan Pelan Induk Perindustrian Baharu (NIMP), Pelan Hala Tuju Peralihan Tenaga Negara (NETR) dan Pelan Hala Tuju Ekonomi dan Teknologi Hidrogen (HETR) bagi mencapai sifar bersih pada 2050.
Namun, dolak-dalik negara maju seperti merencatkan aspirasi Perjanjian Paris dan aspirasi Malaysia memenuhi obligasinya ke arah mengurangkan impak perubahan iklim dan pemanasan global.
KUALA LUMPUR: Pertambahan tiga jam waktu kerja penjawat awam, mekanisme pengagihan bantuan banjir, pertukaran kakitangan awam serta kejadian berulang pembuangan sisa toksik kimia di sungai-sungai Pasir Gudang antara tumpuan pada persidangan Dewan Rakyat hari ini.
Menurut Aturan Urusan Mesyuarat di laman sesawang Parlimen, Ahli Parlimen Tampin, Datuk Mohd Isam bin Mohd Isa meminta Perdana Menteri menyatakan kewajaran pertambahan jumlah jam bekerja bagi penjawat awam yang tidak berpejabat kepada 45 jam seminggu berbanding 42 jam seminggu bermula 1 Disember lalu.
Mohd Isam turut menanyakan mengenai sejauh manakah langkah itu dipersetujui oleh kakitangan awam terbabit ketika Sesi Pertanyaan-Pertanyaan Menteri Bagi Jawab Lisan.
Dalam sesi sama, Ahli Parlimen Bagan Serai, Datuk Idris Ahmad meminta Menteri Pertanian dan Keterjaminan Makanan menjelaskan mekanisme pengagihan bantuan yang dirancang kementerian untuk memastikan petani yang terjejas akibat banjir baru-baru ini benar-benar mendapat bantuan tanpa penangguhan.
Beliau turut menanyakan bagaimana kerajaan menangani isu kemungkinan ketirisan atau ketidakadilan dalam proses pemberian bantuan.
Selain itu, Ahli Parlimen Kota Bharu, Datuk Seri Takiyuddin Hassan meminta Perdana Menteri menyatakan bentuk reformasi perkhidmatan awam yang akan dilaksanakan melalui Sistem Saraan Perkhidmatan Awam (SSPA) dan faktor menyebabkan berlakunya pertukaran besar-besaran dan dalam tempoh agak kerap dalam Perkhidmatan Awam Persekutuan yang membabitkan penurunan pangkat yang boleh dianggap ‘constructive dismissal’ di beberapa kementerian dan kerajaan negeri baru-baru ini.